What Can Cause Sleep Issues

“Why can’t I sleep” is one of the top search phrases in Google. So many people struggle to sleep well, and I know from personal experience how frustrating it is to not know why.

As a functional diagnostic nutrition practitioner, I believe that most insomnia for most people is caused by something physically going on in the body. Different systems in your body are out of whack, and they’re keeping you from sleeping normally. There’s always a mental component, too, whether it’s stress or anxiety or negative thoughts about sleep. But there is almost always a physiological reason as well, especially if you’ve tried everything such as supplements, meds and CBTI and you still can’t sleep.

From what I’ve learned in my training in functional lab testing, there are five main physical reasons why you can’t sleep. These five reasons are what I want to share with you today. I want to give you hope that there is a reason you aren’t sleeping and that you can find out why and fix it.

This is completely different from the basic sleep advice you read everywhere else that talks about blue light, melatonin and your mattress. If that stuff worked, then millions of people wouldn’t still be struggling to sleep.

1. Hormones

The first common cause of insomnia is hormone imbalance. This can be sex hormones like low estrogen and progesterone or high testosterone, all of which can cause sleep issues. Finding out your hormone levels is key to overcoming your sleep problems.

But as a functional medicine practitioner, I don’t just treat the test results. That means that if you have low estrogen or progesterone, I’m not necessarily going to suggest supplementing with those hormones. My goal is to find out why those hormones are low so that we can get things back in balance and not have to take meds or supplements forever.

There are other hormones that can affect your sleep, especially cortisol. I’ve found that many of my clients have insomnia because their bodies are releasing cortisol at night when it shouldn’t be. Cortisol suppresses melatonin and wakes you up, making it hard to quickly fall back asleep. This cortisol surge explains why you wake up in the night with racing thoughts that you can’t control even if you don’t feel stressed out about something in particular. Figuring out why your body is releasing cortisol is key and that’s what I will get into with the next four causes of insomnia.

Bloodwork and saliva tests show your hormone levels at that second in time and they don’t give the big picture of what’s going on. I use a dried urine test, called the DUTCH, because it shows the average of your hormones over a 24 hour period, it gives your cortisol pattern throughout the day, and I can see how your hormones are being used by your body.

2. Food Sensitivities

Another reason you may be waking up at night or having a hard time falling asleep is from eating food you’re sensitive to. I don’t mean being allergic to foods, like kids going into anaphylactic shock from eating peanuts. I’m talking about foods that your body is reacting to but it can be hard to tell because there’s often a delayed response. For example, if you stop eating gluten for a while and then start again, you may notice that it makes you feel tired or it gives you brain fog or muscle aches.

Many people are sensitive to the big five foods: gluten, dairy, eggs, soy and corn. You could also be sensitive to foods that we think of as healthy, like broccoli or salmon. The more food sensitivities people have, the more unhealthy their guts are. The idea isn’t to avoid these sensitive foods forever. The goal is to eliminate those foods temporarily and work on healing the gut so that you’re able to tolerate most foods in the future.

Eating foods you are sensitive to affects your sleep because it causes low-grade inflammation day and night. Cortisol is an anti-inflammatory hormone and so it comes to the rescue to deal with that inflammation. When that happens at night, it wakes you up and makes it hard to go back to sleep.

The GI Map will shows if you’re sensitive to gluten. Unfortunately, most of my clients are and so eliminating gluten for a few months will help lower inflammation so their gut can heal.

3. Mineral imbalance

Another major cause of insomnia is mineral imbalance. Minerals need to be in balance with each other. Too much calcium, for example, can deplete magnesium.

Both low calcium and low magnesium can contribute to insomnia. If you’ve struggled with sleep, you’ve probably tried magnesium. While magnesium is critical for sleep, you need the right balance of other vitamins and minerals to absorb magnesium. So if you don’t have any boron, for example, then you won’t be able to absorb the magnesium supplements that you’re taking. And if your gut isn’t healthy, then you aren’t absorbing it from food or supplements. This explains why magnesium doesn’t help everyone sleep, even though you might need it.

Analyzing minerals is extremely complex but it’s also an important piece of your health and sleep. I use a Hair Tissue Mineral Analysis test to assess mineral status and deficiencies. This test also gives insight into how many systems of the body are working: thyroid, adrenals, blood sugar, nervous system, stress, hormones and more. With this valuable information, we can get minerals back in balance to help get your systems back in balance, too.

4. An unhealthy gut

The fourth reason why you’re waking up at night has to do with your gut. When your gut wall is damaged (called leaky gut) and has gaps between the cells, undigested food particles, toxic waste products and bacteria leak through the gut wall and enter the bloodstream. These toxins cause lots of inflammation, day and night. You develop a leaky gut from stress, toxins like antibiotics and pesticides, eating foods you’re sensitive to and gut infections such as parasites or candida.

Another way the gut affects sleep is called dysbiosis, or an imbalance of bad and good bacteria. Good bacteria are in charge of making B vitamins and vitamin K as well as neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and GABA. In fact, up to 90% of melatonin is made in the gut. When bad bacteria run the show, the good bacteria can’t do their job of producing these hormones that help you feel good, relax and sleep. That’s why many people who have insomnia also experience anxiety and/or depression and other mental disorders.

Having a parasite or other infection in your gut can also sabotage your sleep. The middle of the night is when these creatures are active and releasing toxins, which causes lots of inflammation. The most common reason I find my clients wake up at 3 or 4am is because they have a gut infection. These infections also lead to gut dysbiosis and leaky gut. It’s impossible to heal the gut and for beneficial bacteria to thrive if you don’t address the infection.

5. Your liver

The last common little-known cause of insomnia is your liver. When your liver is backed up and can’t process all the toxins in your body, those toxins continue circulating and causing lots of inflammation. According to the Chinese meridian clock, between 1 and 3am is when the liver is most active cleansing the blood. If you have a parasite which I talked about above, it’s releasing many toxins at this time. So not only is the parasite causing inflammation and waking you up, it’s also releasing more toxins than your body can handle which wakes you up. It’s a double whammy!

Not only is the liver your body’s filter and protector, it’s also important for your immune system and energy production. It’s a source of bile which breaks down fats, it stores glucose as glycogen for future energy and it makes food available by metabolizing carbs, protein and fats. If you aren’t digesting food well and you’re feeling tired often, there’s a good chance your liver needs help.